The recent inspections on environmental protection in China embody the CPC Central Committee’s strong will and firm confidence to control environmental pollution and construct economical civilization. The inspections have been carried out mainly around the prominent environmental problems that have had very bad social impact and caused strong concern among the general public and situations in which local governments or Party committees have failed to take effective measures or acted arbitrarily in dealing with environmental problems. After several rounds of inspection, China has achieved great results in environmental protection: a large number of polluting enterprises have been punished; some local government officials have been investigated for responsibilities; and the supervision and rectification have been unprecedentedly strengthened. The problems uncovered during the environmental inspections reflect the many loopholes and defects in the current implementation of the system of environmental protection responsibilities of local governments. Therefore, the author believes that the ultimate objective of environmental inspection should be to supervise and urge local governments to develop long-term mechanisms for environmental protection. Firstly, local Party committees and governments should have a better understanding of the idea of the protection of the ecological environment and strictly implement the system of responsibilities for environmental protection and local environmental protection departments should strictly enforce the relevant laws and strengthen the supervision; secondly, enterprises must actively abide by the laws and administrative regulations on environmental protection in their production and business operation; and thirdly, the channels of public participation in environmental protection must be kept open, so as to ensure that the opinions, suggestions and proposals relating to environmental protection put forward by the general public are taken into consideration and acted upon by relevant government organs.