The Conference Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Adoption of the 1977 Protocols Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions was held in Beijing on May 19, 2017. The two-day conference was jointly organized by ICRC and CASS Institute of International Law and attended by about 100 experts and scholars, including representatives from the relevant government organs, legislative organs, units of the People’s Liberation Army, Chinese and foreign think tanks and research institutions and ICRC. At the seminar, which was divided into seven sessions, the participants gave speeches and carried out discussions on various topics relating to the theme of the seminar, including the main achievements of and challenges faced by the two 1977 protocols; legal framework of the Protocol I: whether it is sufficient for regulating international armed conflicts? legal framework of the Protocol II: whether it is sufficient for regulating non-international armed conflicts? new technologies and war; protection of civilians in current armed conflicts; punishment of violations of the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols; and ensuring the respect for international humanitarian law and China’s contributions